Now, we have understood that WWW is a collection of websites
connected to the internet so that people can search and share information. Now,
let us understand how it works!
The Web works as per the internet's basic client-server format as
shown in the following image. The servers store and transfer web pages or
information to user's computers on the network when requested by the users. A
web server is a software program which serves the web pages requested by web
users using a browser. The computer of a user who requests documents from a
server is known as a client. Browser, which is installed on the user' computer,
allows users to view the retrieved documents.
All the websites are stored in web servers. Just as someone lives
on rent in a house, a website occupies a space in a server and remains stored
in it. The server hosts the website whenever a user requests its WebPages, and
the website owner has to pay the hosting price for the same.
The moment you open the browser and type a URL in the address bar
or search something on Google, the WWW starts working. There are three main
technologies involved in transferring information (web pages) from servers to
clients (computers of users). These technologies include Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Web browsers.
Hypertext
Markup Language (HTML):
HTML is a standard markup language which is used for creating web
pages. It describes the structure of web pages through HTML elements or tags.
These tags are used to organize the pieces of content such as 'heading,'
'paragraph,' 'table,' 'Image,' and more. You don't see HTML tags when you open
a webpage as browsers don't display the tags and use them only to render the
content of a web page. In simple words, HTML is used to display text, images,
and other resources through a Web browser.
Web
Browser:
A web browser, which is
commonly known as a browser, is a program that displays text, data, pictures,
videos, animation, and more. It provides a software interface that allows you
to click hyperlinked resources on the World Wide Web. When you double click the
Browser icon installed on your computer to launch it, you get connected to the
World Wide Web and can search Google or type a URL into the address bar.
Hypertext
Transfer Protocol (HTTP):
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer
protocol which enables WWW to work smoothly and effectively. It is based on a
client-server model. The client is a web browser which communicates with the
web server which hosts the website. This protocol defines how messages are
formatted and transmitted and what actions the Web Server and browser should
take in response to different commands. When you enter a URL in the browser, an
HTTP command is sent to the Web server, and it transmits the requested Web
Page.
When we open a website
using a browser, a connection to the web server is opened, and the browser
communicates with the server through HTTP and sends a request. HTTP is carried
over TCP/IP to communicate with the server. The server processes the browser's
request and sends a response, and then the connection is closed. Thus, the
browser retrieves content from the server for the user.
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